{"id":13,"date":"2021-09-27T22:11:15","date_gmt":"2021-09-27T21:11:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/academicedit.co.uk\/?page_id=13"},"modified":"2026-04-17T16:05:50","modified_gmt":"2026-04-17T15:05:50","slug":"services","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/academicedit.co.uk\/?page_id=13","title":{"rendered":"Services"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>I provide the following services:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li><a href=\"#proofreading\">Proofreading<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#copyediting and line editing\">Copyediting and line editing<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#substantive-editing\">Developmental editing and rewriting<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#proof-editing\">Proof-editing<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"#website-editing\">Website editing and proofreading<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"proofreading\">Proofreading<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Even if it\u2019s only the local newsletter or an event programme, we\u2019ve all sent something to press and realised after it\u2019s in print that there\u2019s a glaring mistake on the front page. That\u2019s where the proofreader comes in. I will provide a fresh pair of eyes to check your proofs and make sure that there are no slips in spelling, grammar, or punctuation.&nbsp;But that\u2019s not all a proofreader does. I will cross-check tables, graphs, and illustrations against the text. I will also check the layout for awkward page splits and incorrect numbering or headings. And I will make sure that the right font is used for all headings, text, and captions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s important to remember that a proofreader should only make essential changes to the publication, so that there is minimal impact on the layout. If you think that your document needs more than this, then you should be thinking about having it copyedited.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"copyediting and line editing\">Copyediting and line editing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When you\u2019re ready to submit a manuscript to a publisher or you have created promotional material for your business, as copyeditor I\u2019m here to make sure that your work says what you want it to say. I will think about whether your writing style suits the target audience. If it doesn\u2019t, I will either change the style to match that audience or discuss with you what you need to do yourself to find the right tone for your readers. But I\u2019ll always be careful to make sure that your voice as the author is not lost. This is your work not mine, and I won\u2019t try to change things because I prefer to do things a different way. By the end of this process, your writing will be ready for publication, meaning that there won\u2019t be expensive alterations after the material is typeset.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some editors differentiate between copyediting (the more technical aspects of editorial work) and line editing (improving the flow of a text, from word choice to sentence and paragraph structure). I generally use the term \u2018copyediting\u2019 to cover both. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The level of copyediting required may be light, medium, or heavy, depending on the text. A light edit will focus mainly on<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>errors in spelling, grammar, punctuation, and syntax<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ensuring consistency of style in spellings, hyphenation, dates, headings, capitalisation, etc<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>correcting errors in cross-references<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>checking figures, tables, references, and footnotes for style and against the information in the text<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>marking up heading levels, figures, tables, and other features for the typesetter.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A medium edit is the most common level for text that you are about to submit to a journal or publisher. As well as the services listed above, it may include<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>editing to conform with the client\u2019s house style<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>improving choice of language to ensure overall clarity, consistency, and readability<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ensuring that the style and language of the text is suitable for the intended audience<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>keeping sentences and paragraphs to a sensible length<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>identifying material that is missing, inconsistent, or in the wrong order<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>querying possible factual errors<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>raising questions about possible legal issues<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>checking with the author about issues that cannot be resolved easily<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>preparing preliminary material (title page, table of contents, list of illustrations, etc) if this does not exist.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Heavy copyediting is used for texts that need some restructuring to make the argument clear. Many authors whose first language is not English will find this level of edit helpful. It can also be useful for academic authors writing for a wider audience. As well as the services listed above, it may include<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>rewriting to remove repetition, non sequiturs, excessive jargon, ambiguous statements, clumsy phrasing, and wordiness<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>suggesting amendments such as expansions, deletions, and re-ordering to provide a more coherent and logical organisation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>supplying missing information (where possible).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"substantive-editing\">Developmental editing and rewriting<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes it\u2019s difficult to stand back and admit that your manuscript needs restructuring. Or you might know that your writing doesn\u2019t quite work, but you don\u2019t know why. Or you may need to rework an existing document for a different audience. That\u2019s where I can help, by restructuring your text to set everything in a sensible order, and making your language clear and your argument coherent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Developmental editing (also called substantive or structural editing) takes your manuscript and identifies the flaws in its structure. That might be the general flow of the text, or matter that has been included in several different places. This level of editing may involve extensive reconstruction: moving passages, deleting others, and rewriting those which your audience won\u2019t understand easily.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"proof-editing\">Proof-editing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sometimes clients ask me for proofreading when what their material needs is copyediting. But you may not have the time or the budget for a copyedit now and proofreading later on. You may simply need me to \u2018do whatever\u2019s needed\u2019 to make the material presentable. In cases like these, I will discuss with you exactly what you want me to focus on, what your budget is, and what services I can provide within that budget.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"website-editing\">Website editing and proofreading<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>How often have you visited a website and found obvious errors in the text, links that go nowhere, and site navigation that makes no sense? Your website is your shop window for your customers, and it\u2019s important that you present a professional front. I will check that the text on your site is accurate, that the navigation works sensibly, that pages are easy to read, and that graphics and multimedia files are displayed correctly,&nbsp;<em>before<\/em>&nbsp;the site is released to the general public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Copyediting and proofreading a website require all the basic skills of the copyeditor or proofreader. But there are other skills that are specific to working with electronic texts. They include (but are not limited to)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>keeping paragraphs and sentences short<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>writing concise but descriptive headings<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ensuring that the target of a linked word or phrase is clear<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>checking functionality of multimedia files<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>checking internal and external links<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>providing alternative descriptions for graphics and other multimedia elements and links, so that the website works when graphics are turned off or a screen reader is in use<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>checking usability over different platforms (PC, tablet, phone).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"website-editing\">Alt text creation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Alt text (text that explains visual content in words) is an essential part of making digital materials accessible to a wider audience. And writing alt text that conveys the information in visual material can be a complex process, requiring understanding of its important features and its relevance to the written content. I can create alt text for your images that explains their content concisely but that will also make sure that all the users of your materials have access to the same level of information, whether or not they can process visual media.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I provide the following services: Proofreading Even if it\u2019s only the local newsletter or an event programme, we\u2019ve all sent something to press and realised after it\u2019s in print that [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":110,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Services - Academic Editing<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/academicedit.co.uk\/?page_id=13\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Services - 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